Over 60 years ago, Sea Turtle Conservancy (STC) partnered with the community of Tortuguero, Costa Rica, to introduce eco-tourism as an alternative to the “consumptive use” of sea turtles for meat, eggs and shell. It was a strategy that saved this important population from near-extinction.
About Tortuguero and the Green Sea Turtles
Tortuguero hosts the second largest green turtle rookery in the world, regularly seeing more than 100,000 nests per year. STC’s conservation work in Tortuguero continues to this day, as the population faces a concerning new challenge—a decline in green turtle nesting due to uncertain causes.
For decades it has been known that up to 10,000 adult green turtles (most originating from Tortuguero) are killed annually on the coast of Nicaragua. The level of take occurring in Nicaragua’s legal turtle hunt is large, but it also has been consistent for decades. Even with the Nicaraguan harvest, Tortuguero’s green turtle population had been growing until about a decade ago.
This leads us to believe a combination of new threats, including previously undetected threats at undiscovered turtle foraging grounds, are impacting this population. It is essential that STC continue its conservation work at Tortuguero, while also identifying and eliminating new threats related to climate change, marine pollution, and exploitation at remote foraging sites that have gone undetected until now.
About the project
The core of this project is an annual nest monitoring and
protection program carried out with the help of locally-hired staff and student
Research Assistants from Latin American countires. This time-tested program
collaborates with local authorities to deter illegal poaching on the nesting
beach, while also supporting a sustianable eco-tourism program that directly
benefits the community of Tortuguero. In addition, STC’s Research Assistantship
program trains aspiring Latin American biologists in order to expand
conservation capacity in the region.
A new research initiative is launching in 2022 to identify undetected threats facing Tortuguero’s turtles. STC will
use satellite transmitters to track the migrations of green turtles nesting on
the southern end of Tortuguero. STC’s research station is on the north end of
the 20-mile beach, and all previously tracked turtles were tagged on this part
of the beach. Our hypothesis is that turtles nesting to the south may migrate
south, rather than north to Nicaragua, where all the turtles we’ve tracked before
have traveled.
If we can identify previously unknown foraging destinations
used by Tortuguero’s turtles, we can determine the threats confronting green
turtles at these sites and then work to elimiate them in order to stop the unexpected
decline of this globally important nesting colony. In addition to reducing
marine-based threats, STC will continue addressing anthropogenic threats
impacting the productivity of the nesting beach itself, including artificial
lighting, predation by domestic dogs, illegal poaching of eggs, and rising nest
incubation temperatures.
STC also will address threats to Tortuguero’s turtles
through diverse community education and outreach programs, such as weekly
presentations at local schools focusing on sea turtle and habitat stewardship.
We will also provide opportunities for local high school students to serve as
Junior Research Assistants, allowing them to work side-by-side with STC
biologists.